CULTURE

The Evolution of Japanese School Uniforms: A Journey Through Time and Fashion

2023.11.01

School uniforms are a ubiquitous part of life in Japan, with nearly everyone donning them at some point during their educational journey. From the traditional “Gakuran” and sailor suits to blazers, the styles may vary, but the memories and feelings associated with these uniforms are something many can relate to.

The history of school uniforms in Japan spans over a century, with little apparent change over the years. However, as societal values have shifted, so too have the uniforms, undergoing various transformations to meet new expectations and needs.

In this article, we delve into the rich history and evolution of Japanese school uniforms, guided by insights from the PR representative of “KANKO GAKUSEIFUKU,” a student clothing manufacturer with a 168-year legacy.

The Birth of School Uniforms: A Symbol of Elitism (1879 – 1930s)

The first introduction of school uniforms in Japan is credited to Gakushuin University. In 1879, during a time when traditional Japanese attire was the norm, the school adopted a uniform design based on the naval officer’s attire of the time. This period marked a push for modernization and functionality, leading to a westernization of uniforms. The introduction of western-style uniforms for girls occurred during the Taisho era, with the spread of female education and adoption of western and sailor-style uniforms. At this time, uniforms were expensive, made from wool, and primarily worn by middle school students and above, symbolizing a certain privilege.

Post-War Revival and the Demand for Durability (1930s – 1960s)

As the war intensified, boys were mandated to wear the national uniform, while girls typically wore “Monpe,” a type of work pant. During this time, “KANKO GAKUSEIFUKU” was placed under military control, shifting production from student clothing to military uniforms. Post-war, the traditional Gakuran for boys and sailor suits for girls made a comeback as school uniforms. The materials transitioned from cotton to synthetic fibers like nylon, bringing a demand for more durable and resilient uniforms. In 1969, “KANKO GAKUSEIFUKU” released the “Kanko Sprinter,” a school uniform incorporating the latest technology and innovative design for slim and flexible wear, becoming a huge hit.

Uniform Abolition and the Rise of Blazer Uniforms (1970s – 1980s)

In the 1970s, amidst student protests, there were calls for the abolition of uniforms, leading to their removal in some urban schools. This period also saw a surge in student population and the establishment of new high schools, introducing suit-type uniforms as a new standard.

The 1970s and 80s were marked by the “Tsuppāri” and “Yankee” youth subcultures, popularizing modified school uniforms. To counteract this, there was a shift towards blazer uniforms, viewed as a part of education and a means to prevent juvenile delinquency.

Personalization and Fashion: The Transition from Showa to Heisei (Late 1980s – Mid-1990s)

With an increase in schools, there was a push for individualization and fashion-forward uniforms to attract students, leading to the adoption of designer brand uniforms in private high schools. The “DC Brand” uniforms, created by top designers, became a prominent trend.

The Loose Socks Era and Counteractive Uniforms (Mid-1990s – 2000s)

The trend of altering uniforms became prevalent among students, with boys wearing low-rise pants and girls shortening skirts and wearing loose socks. This fashion statement became a point of concern within the educational sector.

Embracing Diversity and Comfort (2010s – Present)

Today’s school uniforms prioritize design, functionality, ease of care, and consideration for diversity. Since around 2015, there has been an increase in uniforms accommodating gender diversity, with the introduction of female slacks and gender-neutral options, allowing for a more inclusive environment.

For more information, visit the official KANKO website: [KANKO GAKUSEIFUKU]